diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/blockView.test.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/blockView.test.ts
index e90b219..616e356 100644
--- a/vscode/src/codeReader/blockView.test.ts
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/blockView.test.ts
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ describe('blockView', () => {
 
   it('跨几行写的调用：一行译文下面带摊开实参的表；calleeKind 交给翻译插件分新建还是调用', async () => {
     const source = 'def f(user):\n    return Detail(\n        id=user.id,\n    )\n'
-    const { blocks: list } = await readBlockViews(runtime, py, pythonZhTranslator, 'python', source, undefined, call => call.callee.text === 'Detail' ? 'class' : undefined)
+    const { blocks: list } = await readBlockViews(runtime, py, pythonZhTranslator, 'python', source, { calleeKind: call => call.callee.text === 'Detail' ? 'class' : undefined })
     const returned = list[0].children[0]
     expect(translationText(returned)).toBe('返回 新建 Detail · 1 个参数')
     expect('table' in returned && returned.table).toMatchObject({
diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/blockView.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/blockView.ts
index cf69eca..b8c5ad8 100644
--- a/vscode/src/codeReader/blockView.ts
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/blockView.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { BlockAttributes, BlockKind, CodeBlock, DisplayName, KindBadge, LanguageAdapter, LibraryRule, Markdown, Node, PreviewTable, PreviewText, PropertyRow, RuleContext, Segment, SourceDocument, SourceRange, TextBlock, TokenRole, Translator } from './contract'
+import type { BlockAttributes, BlockKind, CodeBlock, DisplayName, KindBadge, LanguageAdapter, LibraryRule, LocalSymbol, Markdown, Node, PreviewTable, PreviewText, PropertyRow, RuleContext, Segment, SourceDocument, SourceRange, TextBlock, TokenRole, Translator } from './contract'
 import type { TreeSitterRuntime } from './runtime'
 import { blockAttributes } from './attributes'
 import { commonIndent, splitLines } from './editText'
@@ -212,31 +212,42 @@ export function toBlockViews(blocks: CodeBlock[], document: SourceDocument, tran
   return blocks.map((block, i) => build(block, String(i), ''))
 }
 
-/** 一份源码的视图数据，和它里面起了中文名的定义（预览找用到它们的各处要用，见 displayNames.ts）。 */
+/**
+ * 一份源码的视图数据，和它里面起了中文名的定义（预览找用到它们的各处要用，见 displayNames.ts）、
+ * 语言插件自己认得出的名字（LanguageAdapter.symbols，语言扩展查不到定义、各处出现时用）。
+ */
 export interface DocumentViews {
   blocks: BlockView[]
   displayNames: DisplayName[]
+  symbols: LocalSymbol[]
 }
 
 /**
- * 解析一份源码并转成视图数据（中文名记号交给翻译插件去掉）；语法树用完即释放。
- * calleeKind 交出调用的名字的定义眼下查到是哪种块（SourceDocument.calleeKind）。
+ * 排视图数据时宿主另外交给规则、翻译插件的：用哪些库规则（RuleRun），调用的名字眼下查到定义成哪种块（SourceDocument.calleeKind），
+ * 命令名的命令规则（SourceDocument.commandRule）。
  */
+export interface DocumentExtras {
+  rules?: RuleRun
+  calleeKind?: SourceDocument['calleeKind']
+  commandRule?: SourceDocument['commandRule']
+}
+
+/** 解析一份源码并转成视图数据（中文名记号交给翻译插件去掉）；语法树用完即释放。 */
 export async function readBlockViews(
   runtime: Pick<TreeSitterRuntime, 'parse'>,
   adapter: LanguageAdapter,
   translator: Translator | undefined,
   languageId: string,
   source: string,
-  rules: RuleRun = NO_RULES,
-  calleeKind?: SourceDocument['calleeKind'],
+  extras: DocumentExtras = {},
 ): Promise<DocumentViews> {
   const tree = await runtime.parse(adapter, languageId, source)
   try {
     const { names, markers } = adapter.displayNames?.find(tree.rootNode, source, languageId) ?? { names: [], markers: [] }
-    const document: SourceDocument = { source, language: adapter, markers, ...(calleeKind && { calleeKind }) }
-    const blocks = toBlockViews(adapter.toBlocks(tree.rootNode, source, languageId), document, translator, rules)
-    return { blocks, displayNames: names }
+    const { calleeKind, commandRule } = extras
+    const document: SourceDocument = { source, language: adapter, markers, ...(calleeKind && { calleeKind }), ...(commandRule && { commandRule }) }
+    const blocks = toBlockViews(adapter.toBlocks(tree.rootNode, source, languageId), document, translator, extras.rules)
+    return { blocks, displayNames: names, symbols: adapter.symbols?.(tree.rootNode, source, languageId) ?? [] }
   }
   finally {
     tree.delete()
diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/commandRules.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/commandRules.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9021cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/commandRules.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import type { CommandRule } from './contract'
+
+/** 规则读命令时出错：记下，当它没读（命令照抄）。 */
+function guarded(rule: CommandRule, report: (message: string) => void): CommandRule {
+  return {
+    ...rule,
+    read: (command, context) => {
+      try {
+        return rule.read(command, context)
+      }
+      catch (err) {
+        report(`命令规则 ${rule.id} 读「${command.name.node.text}」时出错，照抄命令：${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`)
+        return undefined
+      }
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+/** 命令名 → 命令规则（SourceDocument.commandRule）：几条规则都管同一个名字时先注册的算。 */
+export function commandRuleLookup(rules: readonly CommandRule[], report: (message: string) => void): (name: string) => CommandRule | undefined {
+  const byName = new Map<string, CommandRule>()
+  for (const rule of rules) {
+    const safe = guarded(rule, report)
+    for (const name of rule.commands) {
+      if (!byName.has(name))
+        byName.set(name, safe)
+    }
+  }
+  return name => byName.get(name)
+}
diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/contract.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/contract.ts
index 2899eb4..6fa5f2c 100644
--- a/vscode/src/codeReader/contract.ts
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/contract.ts
@@ -3,9 +3,14 @@ import type { Disposable } from 'vscode'
 
 export type { Node }
 
+/**
+ * 块的种类。后面几种给脚本语言（shell）：interpreter 第一行 `#!` 写的解释器，options 打开 / 关掉解释器的开关（`set -euo pipefail`），
+ * case 按一个值分情况（整条语句，和它的每个情况），command 执行一条命令，pipeline 几条命令用管道串起来。
+ */
 export type BlockKind
   = | 'import' | 'function' | 'class' | 'enum' | 'exception' | 'type' | 'field' | 'const' | 'variable'
     | 'if' | 'else' | 'loop' | 'try' | 'catch' | 'finally' | 'return' | 'statement' | 'comment'
+    | 'interpreter' | 'options' | 'case' | 'command' | 'pipeline'
 
 /** 源码里一段的下标：源码字符串下标（web-tree-sitter 的 startIndex / endIndex），end 为开区间。 */
 export interface SourceRange { startIndex: number, endIndex: number }
@@ -41,6 +46,50 @@ export interface FunctionFacts {
   decorators: Node[]
   parameters: ParameterFacts[]
   returnType?: Node
+  /**
+   * 不写参数表、按位置取参数的语言（shell 的 `$1`）：函数里用到的第几个参数，照位置排；
+   * 函数里给它起了名字（`local url="$1"`）时 name 是那个名字。按参数表取参数的语言不填，填了 parameters 就是空的。
+   */
+  positional?: PositionalParameter[]
+  /** 函数打印到输出的那几句（shell 的 echo / printf，没重定向到别处）：调用处拿到的就是它们打印的；没有这个概念的语言不填。 */
+  prints?: Node[]
+  /** 函数的输出被调用处拿去用了（shell 同一文件里有 `$(函数名 …)`）。 */
+  captured?: boolean
+  /**
+   * 函数的结果怎么来（shell 这种没有返回值、只有成不成功的语言）：写了 return 的是那几句（return 语句的节点），
+   * 没写的是空数组，意思是最后一句成不成功。别的语言不填。
+   */
+  returns?: Node[]
+}
+
+/** 按位置取的一个参数：第几个（1 起），函数里给它起的名字。 */
+export interface PositionalParameter {
+  position: number
+  name?: Node
+}
+
+/** 第一行 `#!` 写的解释器。 */
+export interface InterpreterFacts {
+  /** 解释器叫什么：`#!/usr/bin/env bash` 和 `#!/bin/bash` 都是 bash。 */
+  program: string
+  /** 怎么找到它：交给 env 按 PATH 找，还是写死的路径。 */
+  lookup: 'env' | 'path'
+  /** `#!` 后面写的整句（`/usr/bin/env bash`、`/bin/bash -e`）。 */
+  command: string
+}
+
+/** 打开 / 关掉解释器的一个开关（shell 的 `set -e`、`set -o pipefail`）。 */
+export interface SwitchFacts {
+  /** 开关的 id：语言自己的叫法（bash 是长名字 errexit、nounset、pipefail……），翻译插件按它起名。 */
+  id: string
+  on: boolean
+  /** 源码里怎么写的（`-e`、`-o pipefail`）。 */
+  flag: string
+}
+
+export interface OptionsFacts {
+  /** 照源码顺序。 */
+  switches: SwitchFacts[]
 }
 
 /**
@@ -205,6 +254,68 @@ export interface CallFacts {
   arguments: CallArgument[]
 }
 
+/**
+ * 命令的一个重定向：把输出（1）、错误输出（2）或两样都写到 / 追加到一个文件，并进另一路，或从文件读输入。
+ * `>&2` 是输出并进错误输出，`2>/dev/null` 是错误输出写到 /dev/null。
+ */
+export type Redirect
+  = | { kind: 'write' | 'append', stream: 'output' | 'error' | 'both', target: Node }
+    | { kind: 'merge', stream: 'output' | 'error', into: 'output' | 'error' }
+    | { kind: 'read', source: Node }
+
+/** 命令的一个词：节点，和它写死的文字（去掉引号、转义；里面有展开 `$x`、`$(…)` 的没有），规则认选项、选项的值用它。 */
+export interface CommandWord {
+  node: Node
+  literal?: string
+}
+
+/** 执行一条命令（shell）：语言插件从语法树读出结构（LanguageAdapter.command），命令规则按命令名读成译文（CommandRule）。 */
+export interface CommandFacts {
+  /** 命令名（`rm`、`curl`、同一文件里定义的函数名）。 */
+  name: CommandWord
+  /** 命令名后面的各个词，照源码顺序：选项、选项的值、要处理的东西都在里面，规则自己认。 */
+  arguments: CommandWord[]
+  redirects: Redirect[]
+}
+
+/** 命令规则读出来的：一行译文；value 表示读出来的是一个东西（`dirname "$0"` 是脚本所在目录），不是一个动作。 */
+export interface CommandReading {
+  text: Inline[]
+  value?: boolean
+}
+
+/** 命令规则读命令时能用的。 */
+export interface CommandContext {
+  /** 当前翻译插件的 displayLanguage；规则按它挑自己的词表，没有这种语言的词表就不读（照抄源码）。 */
+  displayLanguage: string
+  /** 一个词照常翻（变量、字符串、展开读成译文，名字带源码下标，能跳到定义、高亮各处出现）。 */
+  translate: (word: Node) => Inline[]
+  /** 读另一条写在实参里的命令（`find … -exec rm -rf {} +` 里的 rm）：name、args 是那条命令的词；没有它的规则时没有。 */
+  command: (name: CommandWord, args: CommandWord[]) => CommandReading | undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * 命令规则：按命令名注册，像库规则一样把一条命令（它的选项）读成译文：`rm -rf dest` → 删除 dest（连同里面的东西，不提示）。
+ * 认不出的选项照抄；读不了（不认识的写法）返回 undefined，宿主照抄命令名、实参照常翻。没有规则的命令同样照抄。
+ */
+export interface CommandRule {
+  id: string // 'shell.rm'
+  label: string // 'rm'
+  languageIds: string[]
+  /** 管哪些命令名；几条规则都管同一个名字时先注册的算。 */
+  commands: string[]
+  read: (command: CommandFacts, context: CommandContext) => CommandReading | undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * 一份源码里自己认得出的一个名字（语言插件认，不问语言扩展）：定义处，和用到它的各处（含定义处）。
+ * VS Code 里没有这种语言的定义提供者、高亮提供者时（shell），宿主拿它跳到定义、高亮各处出现：跳到的是用到的那处之前最近的定义。
+ */
+export interface LocalSymbol {
+  definitions: SourceRange[]
+  occurrences: SourceRange[]
+}
+
 export interface DeclaratorFacts {
   /** 变量名；解构声明是整个模式。 */
   name: Node
@@ -266,7 +377,11 @@ export interface EnumBlock extends BlockShape { kind: 'enum', facts: EnumFacts }
 export interface ExceptionBlock extends BlockShape { kind: 'exception', facts: ExceptionFacts }
 export interface ImportBlock extends BlockShape { kind: 'import', facts: ImportFacts }
 export interface VariableBlock extends BlockShape { kind: 'const' | 'variable', facts: VariableFacts }
-export type FactBlock = FunctionBlock | ClassBlock | EnumBlock | ExceptionBlock | ImportBlock | VariableBlock
+/** 解释器块只有 `#!` 那一行。 */
+export interface InterpreterBlock extends BlockShape { kind: 'interpreter', facts: InterpreterFacts }
+/** 开关块是一整条 `set …`，每个开关一行。 */
+export interface OptionsBlock extends BlockShape { kind: 'options', facts: OptionsFacts }
+export type FactBlock = FunctionBlock | ClassBlock | EnumBlock | ExceptionBlock | ImportBlock | VariableBlock | InterpreterBlock | OptionsBlock
 
 /** 带说明（facts.doc）的块。 */
 export type DocumentedBlock = FunctionBlock | ClassBlock | EnumBlock | ExceptionBlock | VariableBlock
@@ -294,6 +409,7 @@ export type TokenRole
     | 'storage' // 声明关键字与字面量关键字：const function async class interface new true false null …
     | 'operator' // 被翻成文字的运算符：全等 并且 或者 非
     | 'hint' // 属性表里的说明词：未标注 无 N 个 默认导出 …
+    | 'constant' // 按习惯全大写、当常量用的名字（shell 的 PY_VERSION、HOME）
     | 'variable' | 'function' | 'type' | 'string' | 'number' | 'literal' | 'comment' | 'plain'
 
 /**
@@ -392,6 +508,10 @@ export interface LanguageAdapter {
   iteration?: (node: Node) => IterationFacts | undefined
   /** node 是一次调用（含新建对象）时给出它的结构，别的节点没有；没给的语言不展开调用，照常一行译文。 */
   call?: (node: Node) => CallFacts | undefined
+  /** node 是执行一条命令（shell）时给出它的结构，交给命令规则读；别的节点没有，没有命令的语言不填。 */
+  command?: (node: Node) => CommandFacts | undefined
+  /** 一份源码里自己认得出的名字（见 LocalSymbol）；VS Code 有这种语言的定义、高亮提供者时用不上，不填。 */
+  symbols?: (root: Node, source: string, languageId: string) => LocalSymbol[]
   /** 认代码里给定义起的中文名（见「中文名」）；不填就没有中文名。 */
   displayNames?: DisplayNameReader
 }
@@ -434,6 +554,8 @@ export interface SourceDocument {
    * 排视图数据是同步的，这里只交出已经查到的；还没查到、查不到、宿主不查（没给）都是 undefined，查到了宿主重排、重发。
    */
   calleeKind?: (call: CallFacts) => BlockKind | undefined
+  /** 这个命令名的命令规则（这种语言注册的，先注册的算）；没有、或宿主不给时没有，命令照抄。规则出错由宿主记下、当它没读。 */
+  commandRule?: (name: string) => CommandRule | undefined
 }
 
 /** 筛选属性和值的显示名，筛选栏、块的种类（图标的悬停提示）用它；没给名字的显示 id。 */
@@ -467,8 +589,9 @@ export interface Translator {
 export interface ThemeColor { dark: string, light: string }
 
 /**
- * 种类图标：插件自己定义的一组 lucide 图标（https://lucide.dev/icons 上的 kebab-case 名字）。前 18 个给内置种类，后面的给库规则的种类；
- * 库规则的种类（KindBadge.icon）只能从这组里挑，要新图标就加进这组（webview 的 kindIcons.tsx 同时给它配上图标），没有按任意名字找图标的路。
+ * 种类图标：插件自己定义的一组 lucide 图标（https://lucide.dev/icons 上的 kebab-case 名字）。前 22 个给内置种类（命令、管道共用一个），
+ * 后面的给库规则的种类；库规则的种类（KindBadge.icon）只能从这组里挑，要新图标就加进这组（webview 的 kindIcons.tsx 同时给它配上图标），
+ * 没有按任意名字找图标的路。
  */
 export const KIND_ICON_NAMES = [
   'import',
@@ -489,6 +612,10 @@ export const KIND_ICON_NAMES = [
   'corner-down-left',
   'code',
   'message-square-text',
+  'terminal',
+  'sliders-horizontal',
+  'signpost',
+  'square-terminal',
   'database',
   'package',
   'server-cog',
@@ -646,4 +773,5 @@ export interface CodeReaderApi {
   registerLanguage: (adapter: LanguageAdapter) => Disposable
   registerTranslator: (translator: Translator) => Disposable
   registerLibraryRule: (rule: LibraryRule) => Disposable
+  registerCommandRule: (rule: CommandRule) => Disposable
 }
diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/editor/documentMessage.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/editor/documentMessage.ts
index 024e6a3..615d9eb 100644
--- a/vscode/src/codeReader/editor/documentMessage.ts
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/editor/documentMessage.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-import type { DisplayName, RuleContext, SourceDocument } from '../contract'
+import type { DisplayName, LocalSymbol, RuleContext, SourceDocument } from '../contract'
 import type { CodeReaderRegistry } from '../registry'
 import type { TreeSitterRuntime } from '../runtime'
 import type { DocumentMessage } from './messages'
 import { fileAttributes, mergeAttributeNames } from '../attributes'
 import { readBlockViews } from '../blockView'
+import { commandRuleLookup } from '../commandRules'
 import { ruleAttributeNames } from '../libraryRules'
 
 /** 生成预览数据要读的那点文档信息（TextDocument 的子集）。 */
@@ -13,10 +14,11 @@ export interface DocumentSnapshot {
   getText: () => string
 }
 
-/** 发给预览的文档，和这份源码里起了中文名的定义（扩展端接着找用到它们的各处）。 */
+/** 发给预览的文档，和这份源码里起了中文名的定义（扩展端接着找用到它们的各处）、语言插件自己认得出的名字（LocalSymbol）。 */
 export interface DocumentRead {
   message: DocumentMessage
   displayNames: DisplayName[]
+  symbols: LocalSymbol[]
 }
 
 /**
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ export interface DocumentRead {
  */
 export async function documentMessage(
   document: DocumentSnapshot,
-  registry: Pick<CodeReaderRegistry, 'languageFor' | 'translatorsFor' | 'selectedTranslator' | 'rulesFor'>,
+  registry: Pick<CodeReaderRegistry, 'languageFor' | 'translatorsFor' | 'selectedTranslator' | 'rulesFor' | 'commandRulesFor'>,
   runtime: Pick<TreeSitterRuntime, 'parse'>,
   report: (message: string) => void,
   lookup?: RuleContext['lookup'],
@@ -47,14 +49,18 @@ export async function documentMessage(
   }
   const adapter = registry.languageFor(languageId)
   if (!adapter)
-    return { message: { ...message, error: `代码阅读还不支持「${languageId}」这种语言` }, displayNames: [] }
+    return { message: { ...message, error: `代码阅读还不支持「${languageId}」这种语言` }, displayNames: [], symbols: [] }
   try {
     const rules = registry.rulesFor(languageId)
-    const { blocks, displayNames } = await readBlockViews(runtime, adapter, translator, languageId, source, { rules, report, lookup }, calleeKind)
+    const { blocks, displayNames, symbols } = await readBlockViews(runtime, adapter, translator, languageId, source, {
+      rules: { rules, report, lookup },
+      calleeKind,
+      commandRule: commandRuleLookup(registry.commandRulesFor(languageId), report),
+    })
     const names = mergeAttributeNames([translator?.attributeNames, ...ruleAttributeNames(rules, translator?.displayLanguage, report)])
-    return { message: { ...message, blocks, attributes: fileAttributes(blocks, names) }, displayNames }
+    return { message: { ...message, blocks, attributes: fileAttributes(blocks, names) }, displayNames, symbols }
   }
   catch (err) {
-    return { message: { ...message, error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) }, displayNames: [] }
+    return { message: { ...message, error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) }, displayNames: [], symbols: [] }
   }
 }
diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/editor/previewEditor.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/editor/previewEditor.ts
index 61a82b3..4f77d96 100644
--- a/vscode/src/codeReader/editor/previewEditor.ts
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/editor/previewEditor.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { CustomTextEditorProvider, Disposable, TextDocument, TextDocumentShowOptions, Uri, WebviewPanel } from 'vscode'
 import type { ClaudeImage } from '../../cc/spawnClaude'
 import type { BlockView } from '../blockView'
-import type { BlockKind, RuleLocation, RuleReference, WorkspaceIndex } from '../contract'
+import type { BlockKind, LocalSymbol, RuleLocation, RuleReference, WorkspaceIndex } from '../contract'
 import type { DefinitionStart, IndexedName, NameSources } from '../nameResolution'
 import type { CodeQa } from '../qa/codeQa'
 import type { CodeReaderRegistry } from '../registry'
@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@ import type { TreeSitterRuntime } from '../runtime'
 import type { IndexedEntry } from '../workspaceIndex'
 import type { BlockFilter } from './blockFilter'
 import type { Definition, FoundLocation } from './definitions'
-import type { ExtensionToWebview, Reveal, WebviewToExtension } from './messages'
+import type { ExtensionToWebview, Occurrence, Reveal, WebviewToExtension } from './messages'
 import { commands, Range, window, workspace, WorkspaceEdit } from 'vscode'
 import { logger } from '../../logging/logger'
 import { webviewHtml, webviewUiRoot } from '../../webview/html'
 import { DocumentCallees } from '../calleeKinds'
 import { blockReplacement } from '../editText'
 import { locate } from '../folderStore'
+import { definitionFor, symbolAt, symbolOccurrences } from '../localSymbols'
 import { DocumentNames, resolveNames } from '../nameResolution'
 import { askPrompt, followUpPrompt } from '../qa/prompt'
 import { DocumentLookups } from '../ruleLookups'
@@ -128,6 +129,8 @@ class Preview {
   visibleLine: number | undefined
   /** 最近一次发出去的块树和它的源码：问 AI 时按块的记号在里面找那块代码 */
   private sent: { blocks: BlockView[], source: string } | undefined
+  /** 最近一次发出去的文档里语言插件自己认得出的名字（LanguageAdapter.symbols）：语言扩展查不到定义、各处出现时用 */
+  private symbols: { version: number, list: LocalSymbol[] } | undefined
   /** 这份文档各版本显示成中文名的名字 */
   private readonly names: DocumentNames
   /** 库规则问的名字的定义查到了什么：查到的变了就重发文档 */
@@ -150,7 +153,10 @@ class Preview {
   ) {
     this.definitions = new DefinitionSources({
       rule: async reference => ruleDefinitions(await owner.resolveReference(reference)),
-      language: offset => languageDefinitions(document.uri, document.positionAt(offset)),
+      language: async (offset) => {
+        const found = await languageDefinitions(document.uri, document.positionAt(offset))
+        return found.length > 0 ? found : this.localDefinitions(offset)
+      },
     })
     this.names = new DocumentNames((version, names) => {
       if (this.ready && version === document.version)
@@ -228,13 +234,14 @@ class Preview {
     const source = this.document.getText()
     const session = this.lookups.session()
     const callees = this.callees.session()
-    const { message, displayNames } = await documentMessage({ languageId, version, getText: () => source }, this.registry, this.runtime, (text) => {
+    const { message, displayNames, symbols } = await documentMessage({ languageId, version, getText: () => source }, this.registry, this.runtime, (text) => {
       logger.add({ level: 'warn', source: 'codeReader', message: `${this.document.uri.fsPath}：${text}` })
     }, session.lookup, callees.calleeKind)
     if (request !== this.latest || !this.ready)
       return
     this.definitions.remember(message.version, message.blocks)
     this.sent = { blocks: message.blocks, source }
+    this.symbols = { version, list: symbols }
     const reveal = this.pendingReveal
     this.pendingReveal = undefined
     this.post({ ...message, names: this.names.known(version), ...(reveal && { reveal }) })
@@ -260,6 +267,28 @@ class Preview {
     return null
   }
 
+  /** 这份文档里语言插件自己认得出、盖住 offset 的名字（只认最近一次发出去的那个版本）。 */
+  private localSymbol(offset: number): LocalSymbol | undefined {
+    return this.symbols?.version === this.document.version ? symbolAt(this.symbols.list, offset) : undefined
+  }
+
+  /** 语言扩展查不到定义时：语言插件自己认得出的名字的定义（见 definitionFor）。 */
+  private localDefinitions(offset: number): FoundLocation[] {
+    const symbol = this.localSymbol(offset)
+    const target = symbol && definitionFor(symbol, offset)
+    if (!target)
+      return []
+    const { document } = this
+    return [{ uri: document.uri, range: new Range(document.positionAt(target.startIndex), document.positionAt(target.endIndex)) }]
+  }
+
+  /** offset 处名字的各处出现：先问语言扩展，它答不上来时用语言插件自己认得出的名字（见 symbolOccurrences）。 */
+  private async occurrences(offset: number): Promise<Occurrence[]> {
+    const found = await occurrencesOf(this.document, offset)
+    const symbol = found.length > 0 ? undefined : this.localSymbol(offset)
+    return symbol ? symbolOccurrences(symbol) : found
+  }
+
   /** 这份文档里 offset 处名字的定义（语言扩展查的）落在哪儿。 */
   private async definitionStarts(offset: number): Promise<DefinitionStart[]> {
     const { document } = this
@@ -272,7 +301,7 @@ class Preview {
     const { document } = this
     return {
       uri: document.uri.toString(),
-      occurrences: async offset => (await occurrencesOf(document, offset)).map(({ start, end }) => ({ start, end })),
+      occurrences: async offset => (await this.occurrences(offset)).map(({ start, end }) => ({ start, end })),
       definitions: offset => this.definitionStarts(offset),
       indexed: name => this.owner.indexedNames(document.languageId, name),
     }
@@ -403,7 +432,7 @@ class Preview {
     const { document } = this
     if (version !== document.version)
       return
-    const occurrences = await occurrencesOf(document, offset)
+    const occurrences = await this.occurrences(offset)
     if (version === document.version && this.ready)
       this.post({ type: 'occurrencesFound', id, occurrences })
   }
diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/languages/shared.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/languages/shared.ts
index 33de599..d686a51 100644
--- a/vscode/src/codeReader/languages/shared.ts
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/languages/shared.ts
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ function commentNodes(block: CodeBlock): Node[] {
 function ownDoc(block: CodeBlock): Node | undefined {
   if (!('facts' in block))
     return block.doc
-  return block.kind === 'import' ? undefined : block.facts.doc
+  return block.kind === 'import' || block.kind === 'interpreter' || block.kind === 'options' ? undefined : block.facts.doc
 }
 
 /** 类属性的说明，照源码顺序：紧挨在它上面的注释块、它这一行行尾的注释、Python 紧跟在后面的属性 docstring。 */
diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/localSymbols.test.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/localSymbols.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a85cf12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/localSymbols.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import type { LocalSymbol, SourceRange } from './contract'
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { definitionFor, symbolAt, symbolOccurrences } from './localSymbols'
+
+function range(startIndex: number, endIndex: number): SourceRange {
+  return { startIndex, endIndex }
+}
+
+// out=1（0-3）；echo $out（10-13）；out=2（15-18）；echo $out（25-28）
+const OUT: LocalSymbol = { definitions: [range(0, 3), range(15, 18)], occurrences: [range(0, 3), range(10, 13), range(15, 18), range(25, 28)] }
+const URL: LocalSymbol = { definitions: [range(40, 43)], occurrences: [range(30, 33), range(40, 43)] }
+
+describe('语言插件认出的同一文件里的名字', () => {
+  it('找盖住位置的名字；名字外面没有', () => {
+    expect(symbolAt([URL, OUT], 11)).toBe(OUT)
+    expect(symbolAt([URL, OUT], 13)).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it('跳到之前最近的一处定义；前面没有定义就跳到第一处', () => {
+    expect(definitionFor(OUT, 11)).toEqual(range(0, 3))
+    expect(definitionFor(OUT, 26)).toEqual(range(15, 18))
+    expect(definitionFor(URL, 31)).toEqual(range(40, 43))
+  })
+
+  it('各处出现：定义处算写，别处算读', () => {
+    expect(symbolOccurrences(OUT)).toEqual([
+      { start: 0, end: 3, kind: 'write' },
+      { start: 10, end: 13, kind: 'read' },
+      { start: 15, end: 18, kind: 'write' },
+      { start: 25, end: 28, kind: 'read' },
+    ])
+  })
+})
diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/localSymbols.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/localSymbols.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ab82cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/localSymbols.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import type { LocalSymbol, SourceRange } from './contract'
+
+/**
+ * 语言插件自己认得出的名字（LanguageAdapter.symbols）怎么用：VS Code 里没有这种语言的定义、高亮提供者时（shell），
+ * 宿主拿它跳到定义、高亮各处出现。这里不碰 VS Code。
+ */
+
+/** 盖住 offset 的那个名字。 */
+export function symbolAt(symbols: readonly LocalSymbol[], offset: number): LocalSymbol | undefined {
+  return symbols.find(symbol => symbol.occurrences.some(range => range.startIndex <= offset && offset < range.endIndex))
+}
+
+/** offset 处用到的名字跳到哪个定义：它之前最近的一处（同名的变量前后赋过几次值），前面没有就是第一处。 */
+export function definitionFor(symbol: LocalSymbol, offset: number): SourceRange | undefined {
+  return symbol.definitions.filter(range => range.startIndex <= offset).at(-1) ?? symbol.definitions[0]
+}
+
+/** 名字的各处出现：定义处算写，别处算读。 */
+export function symbolOccurrences(symbol: LocalSymbol): { start: number, end: number, kind: 'read' | 'write' }[] {
+  return symbol.occurrences.map(({ startIndex, endIndex }) => ({
+    start: startIndex,
+    end: endIndex,
+    kind: symbol.definitions.some(range => range.startIndex === startIndex) ? 'write' : 'read',
+  }))
+}
diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/nameResolution.test.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/nameResolution.test.ts
index b085dbd..c02553e 100644
--- a/vscode/src/codeReader/nameResolution.test.ts
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/nameResolution.test.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const ROUTES = [
 ].join('\n')
 
 function read(source: string): ReturnType<typeof readBlockViews> {
-  return readBlockViews(runtime, py, pythonZhTranslator, 'python', source, { rules: [enumRule], report: () => {} })
+  return readBlockViews(runtime, py, pythonZhTranslator, 'python', source, { rules: { rules: [enumRule], report: () => {} } })
 }
 
 function allProperties(blocks: readonly BlockView[]): string[] {
diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/registry.test.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/registry.test.ts
index 28d6305..4602fd9 100644
--- a/vscode/src/codeReader/registry.test.ts
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/registry.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { Memento } from 'vscode'
-import type { LanguageAdapter, LibraryRule, Translator } from './contract'
+import type { CommandRule, LanguageAdapter, LibraryRule, Translator } from './contract'
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import { CodeReaderRegistry, TRANSLATOR_CHOICE_KEY } from './registry'
 
@@ -96,6 +96,19 @@ describe('codeReaderRegistry', () => {
     expect(changes).toBe(4)
   })
 
+  it('命令规则按语言过滤、保持注册顺序；注销后不再给', () => {
+    const registry = new CodeReaderRegistry(fakeMemento())
+    const command = (id: string, languageIds: string[]): CommandRule => ({ id, label: id, languageIds, commands: [id], read: () => undefined })
+    registry.registerCommandRule(command('rm', ['shellscript']))
+    const curl = registry.registerCommandRule(command('curl', ['shellscript']))
+    registry.registerCommandRule(command('ls', ['powershell']))
+    expect(registry.commandRulesFor('shellscript').map(r => r.id)).toEqual(['rm', 'curl'])
+    expect(registry.commandRulesFor('python')).toEqual([])
+
+    curl.dispose()
+    expect(registry.commandRulesFor('shellscript').map(r => r.id)).toEqual(['rm'])
+  })
+
   it('变化事件可退订，也能放进 disposables', () => {
     const registry = new CodeReaderRegistry(fakeMemento())
     let changes = 0
diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/registry.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/registry.ts
index edea70e..e59f1da 100644
--- a/vscode/src/codeReader/registry.ts
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/registry.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { Disposable, Event, Memento } from 'vscode'
-import type { CodeReaderApi, LanguageAdapter, LibraryRule, Translator } from './contract'
+import type { CodeReaderApi, CommandRule, LanguageAdapter, LibraryRule, Translator } from './contract'
 
 /** globalState 里按 languageId 记选中的翻译插件 id：Record<languageId, translatorId>。 */
 export const TRANSLATOR_CHOICE_KEY = 'superpowers.codeReader.translatorByLanguage'
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@ export const TRANSLATOR_CHOICE_KEY = 'superpowers.codeReader.translatorByLanguag
 interface Entry<T> { value: T }
 
 /**
- * 语言插件、翻译插件、库规则的注册表。内置实现和其他扩展都通过它注册（它本身就是对外的 CodeReaderApi）。
+ * 语言插件、翻译插件、库规则、命令规则的注册表。内置实现和其他扩展都通过它注册（它本身就是对外的 CodeReaderApi）。
  * 不依赖 vscode 运行时：Disposable 和事件都是结构兼容的普通对象，便于单元测试。
  */
 export class CodeReaderRegistry implements CodeReaderApi {
   private readonly adapters: Entry<LanguageAdapter>[] = []
   private readonly translators: Entry<Translator>[] = []
   private readonly rules: Entry<LibraryRule>[] = []
+  private readonly commands: Entry<CommandRule>[] = []
   private readonly listeners = new Set<() => void>()
 
   constructor(private readonly state: Pick<Memento, 'get' | 'update'>) {}
@@ -41,6 +42,10 @@ export class CodeReaderRegistry implements CodeReaderApi {
     return this.add(this.rules, rule)
   }
 
+  registerCommandRule(rule: CommandRule): Disposable {
+    return this.add(this.commands, rule)
+  }
+
   /** 当前语言插件覆盖的全部 languageId（去重、排序），给 when 子句用。 */
   languageIds(): string[] {
     return [...new Set(this.adapters.flatMap(entry => entry.value.languageIds))].sort()
@@ -61,6 +66,11 @@ export class CodeReaderRegistry implements CodeReaderApi {
     return this.rules.map(entry => entry.value).filter(rule => rule.languageIds.includes(languageId))
   }
 
+  /** 某 languageId 的命令规则，按注册顺序：几条规则都管同一个命令名时先注册的算。 */
+  commandRulesFor(languageId: string): CommandRule[] {
+    return this.commands.map(entry => entry.value).filter(rule => rule.languageIds.includes(languageId))
+  }
+
   /** 注册着的全部库规则，按注册顺序：查规则标的引用时按 id 找。 */
   libraryRules(): LibraryRule[] {
     return this.rules.map(entry => entry.value)
diff --git a/vscode/src/codeReader/translators/zhTemplate.ts b/vscode/src/codeReader/translators/zhTemplate.ts
index 4c68b7b..2f64570 100644
--- a/vscode/src/codeReader/translators/zhTemplate.ts
+++ b/vscode/src/codeReader/translators/zhTemplate.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { Access, AttributeNames, BaseFacts, BlockKind, CallArgument, CallFacts, ClassFacts, CommonAttribute, Defines, EntryFacts, EnumFacts, ExceptionFacts, FactBlock, FunctionFacts, ImportFacts, ImportItem, Inline, IterationClause, IterationFacts, IterationResult, LanguageAdapter, Markdown, Node, ParameterFacts, PreviewTable, PropertyItem, PropertyRow, Segment, SegmentGroup, SourceDocument, SourceRange, SourceSpan, TextBlock, TextTranslation, TokenRole, Translator, VariableBlock } from '../contract'
+import type { Access, AttributeNames, BaseFacts, BlockKind, CallArgument, CallFacts, ClassFacts, CommandContext, CommandFacts, CommandReading, CommandRule, CommandWord, CommonAttribute, Defines, EntryFacts, EnumFacts, ExceptionFacts, FactBlock, FunctionFacts, ImportFacts, ImportItem, Inline, InterpreterFacts, IterationClause, IterationFacts, IterationResult, LanguageAdapter, Markdown, Node, OptionsFacts, ParameterFacts, PositionalParameter, PreviewTable, PropertyItem, PropertyRow, Redirect, Segment, SegmentGroup, SourceDocument, SourceRange, SourceSpan, TextBlock, TextTranslation, TokenRole, Translator, VariableBlock } from '../contract'
 import { commonIndent, splitLines } from '../editText'
 
 /** 按所在语法节点区分译法的关键字，例如 Python 的 else：if 后「否则」，for / while 后「未中断时」。 */
@@ -51,8 +51,31 @@ export interface ZhTable {
    * 槽位里的子节点照常递归翻译。模板引用的子节点缺了，或节点没整个落在要翻的这一段里，就不重排、照常翻。
    */
   nodeTemplates: Record<string, TemplatePart[]>
+  /**
+   * 节点读法：节点类型 → 怎么读成一行译文，给模板排不了的写法（shell 的 `${x:-d}`、`[ -f x ]`、`case`）。
+   * 命中的节点只输出读法给的，不再照常翻它的子节点；读法返回 undefined 就照常翻。读法里要翻子节点用 ReaderContext.say。
+   */
+  readers?: Record<string, NodeReader>
+  /** 解释器开关（SwitchFacts.id）的叫法：errexit → 出错就停；没有的写源码里的写法。 */
+  switches?: Record<string, string>
 }
 
+/** 读一个节点时能用的（见 ZhTable.readers）。 */
+export interface ReaderContext {
+  document: SourceDocument
+  /** 照常翻一个节点（照样认读法、命令），只翻落在要翻的这一段里的部分。 */
+  say: (node: Node) => Inline[]
+  /** node 整个落在要翻的这一段里：复合语句的块只翻头部，读法按它决定写不写主体里的东西。 */
+  whole: (node: Node) => boolean
+  /** 源码里一个名字照抄、按 role 着色（不给 role 按语言插件定的词性），名字带源码下标。 */
+  name: (node: Node, role?: TokenRole) => Segment
+  /** 读一条命令（命令规则读的，没有规则时命令名照抄、各个词照常翻），连重定向；不是命令时没有。 */
+  command: (node: Node) => CommandReading | undefined
+}
+
+/** 一种节点的读法：一行译文，可以带一张排在这一段下面的表（分情况的「情况 / 做什么」）；返回 undefined 就照常翻。 */
+export type NodeReader = (node: Node, context: ReaderContext) => Inline[] | { text: Inline[], table?: PreviewTable } | undefined
+
 interface Token {
   /** 注释是空文字：不进译文，只在前后留一个空格。 */
   text: string
@@ -68,14 +91,17 @@ interface Token {
   group?: SegmentGroup
 }
 
-/** 跨几行写的调用排成一行、实参摊成表（见 emitCall）：只排遇到的第一个，它的表记在 table 里。 */
-interface CallSlot {
+/**
+ * 排在这一段译文下面的那张表：跨几行写的调用的实参表（见 emitCall），或读法给的表（分情况的「情况 / 做什么」）。
+ * 一段只排一张，排了的记在 table 里。
+ */
+interface TableSlot {
   table?: PreviewTable
 }
 
 /**
  * 按译文顺序收集词：cursor 是上一个词在源码里的结尾，gap 是下一个词前面要不要空一格。
- * calls 是这一段里跨几行写的调用要不要排成一行、实参摊成表；没有就照常翻。
+ * slot 是这一段下面能不能排一张表（跨几行写的调用、读法给的表）；没有就照常翻。
  */
 interface Collector {
   document: SourceDocument
@@ -84,7 +110,7 @@ interface Collector {
   tokens: Token[]
   cursor: number
   gap: boolean
-  calls?: CallSlot
+  slot?: TableSlot
 }
 
 const CONTEXT_SEPARATOR = ' > '
@@ -93,7 +119,7 @@ const CLOSING = new Set([')', ']', '}'])
 const SEPARATORS = new Set([...CLOSING, ',', ';', ':'])
 const HEADER_OPENERS = new Set(['{', ':'])
 /** 源码着色里代表名字的词性：着这几种色的具名叶子是标识符、属性名、类型名，能查定义。 */
-const NAME_ROLES = new Set<TokenRole>(['variable', 'function', 'type'])
+const NAME_ROLES = new Set<TokenRole>(['variable', 'constant', 'function', 'type'])
 
 function firstLeaf(node: Node): Node {
   const first = node.child(0)
@@ -194,6 +220,11 @@ const KIND_ZH: Record<BlockKind, string> = {
   return: '返回',
   statement: '语句',
   comment: '注释',
+  interpreter: '解释器',
+  options: '选项',
+  case: '分情况',
+  command: '命令',
+  pipeline: '管道',
 }
 const ACCESS_ZH: Record<Access, string> = { public: '公共', private: '私有', protected: '受保护' }
 const ITERATION_ZH: Record<IterationResult, string> = { generator: '生成器', list: '列表', set: '集合', dict: '字典' }
@@ -363,8 +394,8 @@ export function createZhTemplateTranslator(table: ZhTable): Translator {
   }
 
   /** 要排成一行、实参摊成表的调用：实参列表跨了几行，整个落在要翻的这一段里，这一段还没排过别的调用。 */
-  function expandedCall(node: Node, span: SourceSpan, calls: CallSlot, { language: { call } }: SourceDocument): CallFacts | undefined {
-    if (calls.table || !call || node.startIndex < span.startIndex || node.endIndex > span.endIndex)
+  function expandedCall(node: Node, span: SourceSpan, slot: TableSlot, { language: { call } }: SourceDocument): CallFacts | undefined {
+    if (slot.table || !call || node.startIndex < span.startIndex || node.endIndex > span.endIndex)
       return undefined
     const facts = call(node)
     return facts && facts.argumentList.startPosition.row !== facts.argumentList.endPosition.row ? facts : undefined
@@ -375,9 +406,9 @@ export function createZhTemplateTranslator(table: ZhTable): Translator {
    * 一行译文的块、常量 / 变量的值、实参表里每个值各翻各的，各自排自己里面的那个调用。
    */
   function expandedText(node: Node, span: SourceSpan, document: SourceDocument): { text: Inline[], table?: PreviewTable } {
-    const calls: CallSlot = {}
-    const text = joinTokens(tokensIn(node, span, document, calls))
-    return { text, ...(calls.table && { table: calls.table }) }
+    const slot: TableSlot = {}
+    const text = joinTokens(tokensIn(node, span, document, slot))
+    return { text, ...(slot.table && { table: slot.table }) }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -408,13 +439,13 @@ export function createZhTemplateTranslator(table: ZhTable): Translator {
   }
 
   /**
-   * 调用排成一行「新建 / 调用 被调用的名字 · N 个参数」，实参摊成表记在 calls 里。被调用的名字照常翻、带源码下标，
+   * 调用排成一行「新建 / 调用 被调用的名字 · N 个参数」，实参摊成表记在 slot 里。被调用的名字照常翻、带源码下标，
    * 最后那个名字新建时按类型、调用时按函数着色，前面几节按变量着色。新建还是调用看写法（CallFacts.construct），
    * 写法看不出来的问名字的定义：是类（含异常、枚举）就是新建，还没查到、查不到按调用算。
    * 调用后面还紧跟着同一个式子的别的部分（见 continued）时整行括起来：「(新建 X · 3 个参数).model_dump()」。
    */
-  function emitCall(out: Collector, calls: CallSlot, node: Node, facts: CallFacts, span: SourceSpan): void {
-    calls.table = argumentTable(facts, span, out.document)
+  function emitCall(out: Collector, slot: TableSlot, node: Node, facts: CallFacts, span: SourceSpan): void {
+    slot.table = argumentTable(facts, span, out.document)
     const construct = facts.construct ?? CONSTRUCTED.has(out.document.calleeKind?.(facts))
     const wrapped = continued(node, out.root)
     advance(out, node.startIndex)
@@ -436,6 +467,61 @@ export function createZhTemplateTranslator(table: ZhTable): Translator {
     out.cursor = node.endIndex
   }
 
+  /** 读法用的：照常翻、看节点在不在这一段里、照抄名字、读命令。 */
+  function readerContext(out: Collector, span: SourceSpan): ReaderContext {
+    const { document } = out
+    return {
+      document,
+      say: node => joinTokens(tokensIn(node, span, document)),
+      whole: node => node.startIndex >= span.startIndex && node.endIndex <= span.endIndex,
+      name: (node, role) => segment(node.text, role ?? document.language.tokenRole(node), node.startIndex),
+      command: (node) => {
+        const facts = document.language.command?.(node)
+        return facts && commandReading(facts, document)
+      },
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** 读出来的几段接着前面的词输出；读法给了表、这一段还没排表时表排在这一段下面。 */
+  function emitReading(out: Collector, node: Node, reading: Inline[] | { text: Inline[], table?: PreviewTable }): void {
+    const { text, table: below } = Array.isArray(reading) ? { text: reading, table: undefined } : reading
+    if (below && out.slot && !out.slot.table)
+      out.slot.table = below
+    emitPieces(out, node, text)
+  }
+
+  function emitPieces(out: Collector, node: Node, pieces: Inline[]): void {
+    advance(out, node.startIndex)
+    for (const piece of pieces) {
+      if (!('role' in piece))
+        emit(out, { text: '', role: 'plain', translated: true, raw: '', group: piece })
+      else if (piece.text)
+        emit(out, { text: piece.text, role: piece.role, translated: true, raw: '', ...(piece.offset !== undefined && { offset: piece.offset }) })
+    }
+    out.cursor = node.endIndex
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 一条命令：交给命令名的命令规则读（SourceDocument.commandRule）；没有规则、规则不读时命令名照抄（带源码下标）、各个词照常翻。
+   * 后面跟着重定向的意思（见 redirectText）。
+   */
+  function commandReading(facts: CommandFacts, document: SourceDocument): CommandReading {
+    const say = (node: Node): Inline[] => expression(node, document)
+    const ruleFor = (name: CommandWord): CommandRule | undefined => document.commandRule?.(name.literal ?? name.node.text)
+    const context: CommandContext = {
+      displayLanguage: 'zh',
+      translate: say,
+      command: (name, args) => ruleFor(name)?.read({ name, arguments: args, redirects: [] }, context),
+    }
+    const reading = ruleFor(facts.name)?.read(facts, context)
+    const name = facts.name.node
+    const text = reading?.text ?? [
+      segment(name.text, document.language.tokenRole(firstLeaf(name)), name.startIndex),
+      ...facts.arguments.flatMap(arg => [segment(' ', 'plain', undefined), ...say(arg.node)]),
+    ]
+    return { text: [...text, ...facts.redirects.flatMap(redirect => redirectText(redirect, say))], ...(reading?.value && { value: true }) }
+  }
+
   function collect(node: Node, span: SourceSpan, out: Collector): void {
     if (node.endIndex <= span.startIndex || node.startIndex >= span.endIndex || node.startIndex === node.endIndex)
       return
@@ -449,10 +535,20 @@ export function createZhTemplateTranslator(table: ZhTable): Translator {
       emitIteration(out, node, iteration, span)
       return
     }
-    const { calls } = out
-    const call = calls && expandedCall(node, span, calls, out.document)
-    if (calls && call) {
-      emitCall(out, calls, node, call, span)
+    const { slot } = out
+    const call = slot && expandedCall(node, span, slot, out.document)
+    if (slot && call) {
+      emitCall(out, slot, node, call, span)
+      return
+    }
+    const reading = table.readers?.[node.type]?.(node, readerContext(out, span))
+    if (reading) {
+      emitReading(out, node, reading)
+      return
+    }
+    const command = language.command?.(node)
+    if (command) {
+      emitPieces(out, node, commandReading(command, out.document).text)
       return
     }
     const parts = templateParts(node, span)
@@ -486,9 +582,9 @@ export function createZhTemplateTranslator(table: ZhTable): Translator {
     }
   }
 
-  /** 按译文顺序收集 node 落在 span 里的词；给了 calls，跨几行写的调用排成一行、实参摊成表（见 emitCall）。 */
-  function tokensIn(node: Node, span: SourceSpan, document: SourceDocument, calls?: CallSlot): Token[] {
-    const out: Collector = { document, root: node, tokens: [], cursor: span.startIndex, gap: false, ...(calls && { calls }) }
+  /** 按译文顺序收集 node 落在 span 里的词；给了 slot，跨几行写的调用排成一行、实参摊成表（见 emitCall）。 */
+  function tokensIn(node: Node, span: SourceSpan, document: SourceDocument, slot?: TableSlot): Token[] {
+    const out: Collector = { document, root: node, tokens: [], cursor: span.startIndex, gap: false, ...(slot && { slot }) }
     collect(node, span, out)
     return out.tokens
   }
@@ -531,13 +627,13 @@ export function createZhTemplateTranslator(table: ZhTable): Translator {
   function translate(block: TextBlock, document: SourceDocument): TextTranslation {
     if (block.kind === 'comment')
       return { text: translateComment(block, document) }
-    const calls: CallSlot = {}
-    const tokens = tokensIn(block.node, block.header, document, calls)
+    const slot: TableSlot = {}
+    const tokens = tokensIn(block.node, block.header, document, slot)
     const compound = block.children.length > 0 || block.header.endIndex < block.node.endIndex
     const last = tokens.at(-1)
     if (compound && last && !last.translated && HEADER_OPENERS.has(last.raw))
       tokens.pop()
-    return { text: joinTokens(tokens), ...(calls.table && { table: calls.table }) }
+    return { text: joinTokens(tokens), ...(slot.table && { table: slot.table }) }
   }
 
   function expression(node: Node, document: SourceDocument): Inline[] {
@@ -559,6 +655,11 @@ export function createZhTemplateTranslator(table: ZhTable): Translator {
       translated: node => within(node, nodeSpan(node)),
       within,
       expanded: node => expandedText(node, clipped(nodeSpan(node)), document),
+      body: node => expression(node, document),
+      returned: (node) => {
+        const [value] = language.command?.(node)?.arguments ?? []
+        return value ? expression(value.node, document) : []
+      },
       entryCount: (literal, size) => {
         const name = table.mapLiterals[literal.type]
         return [hint(name ? `${name} ${size} 项` : `${size} 项`)]
@@ -580,6 +681,10 @@ export function createZhTemplateTranslator(table: ZhTable): Translator {
         return exceptionRows(block.facts, phrases)
       case 'import':
         return importRows(block.facts, phrases)
+      case 'interpreter':
+        return interpreterRows(block.facts)
+      case 'options':
+        return optionsRows(block.facts, table.switches ?? {})
       default:
         return variableRows(block, phrases)
     }
@@ -659,6 +764,10 @@ interface Phrases {
   within: (node: Node, span: SourceSpan) => Inline[]
   /** 同 translated，里面跨几行写的第一个调用排成一行「新建 / 调用 …」，实参摊成表（见 emitCall）。 */
   expanded: (node: Node) => { text: Inline[], table?: PreviewTable }
+  /** 函数主体里的一句（不在块头部里）整句照常翻：函数打印的那几句。 */
+  body: (node: Node) => Inline[]
+  /** 一句 return 返回的值（语言插件读出的命令的第一个词）；只写了 return 时是空的。 */
+  returned: (node: Node) => Inline[]
   /** 字典 / 对象字面量的项数：「字典 3 项」，叫法按字面量的节点类型查表。 */
   entryCount: (literal: Node, size: number) => Segment[]
   /** 源码原样照抄、按源码着色（装饰器）。 */
@@ -675,6 +784,31 @@ function hint(text: string): Segment {
   return { text, role: 'hint' }
 }
 
+const STREAM_ZH: Record<'output' | 'error' | 'both', string> = { output: '输出', error: '错误输出', both: '全部输出' }
+
+/**
+ * 重定向的意思，括号里淡色写在命令后面：`>&2` 打印到错误输出，`2>&1` 错误输出并进输出，`2>/dev/null` 丢掉错误输出，
+ * `> f` 写到 f，`>> f` 追加到 f，`< f` 从 f 读。
+ */
+function redirectText(redirect: Redirect, say: (node: Node) => Inline[]): Inline[] {
+  const note = (...parts: Inline[]): Inline[] => [hint('（'), ...parts, hint('）')]
+  switch (redirect.kind) {
+    case 'merge':
+      if (redirect.stream === redirect.into)
+        return []
+      return note(hint(redirect.into === 'error' ? '打印到错误输出' : '错误输出并进输出'))
+    case 'read':
+      return note(hint('从 '), ...say(redirect.source), hint(' 读'))
+    default: {
+      const stream = STREAM_ZH[redirect.stream]
+      if (redirect.target.text === '/dev/null')
+        return note(hint(`丢掉${stream}`))
+      const where = redirect.kind === 'append' ? '追加到 ' : '写到 '
+      return note(hint(redirect.stream === 'output' ? where : `${stream}${where}`), ...say(redirect.target))
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /** 布尔属性的一行：没有这个概念的语言（facts 里没填）没有这一行。 */
 function flagRows(attribute: 'async' | 'abstract' | 'typeOnly', value: boolean | undefined): PropertyRow[] {
   return value === undefined ? [] : [{ label: ATTRIBUTE_ZH[attribute], value: [{ text: YES_NO[`${value}`], role: 'storage' }] }]
@@ -728,11 +862,58 @@ function functionRows(facts: FunctionFacts, say: Phrases): PropertyRow[] {
     ...accessRows(facts.access),
     ...flagRows('async', facts.async),
     ...decoratorRows(facts.decorators, say),
-    parameterRow('输入参数', facts.parameters, say),
-    { label: '输出参数', value: facts.returnType ? say.translated(facts.returnType) : [hint('未标注')] },
+    ...(facts.positional
+      ? positionalRows(facts, facts.positional, say)
+      : [
+          parameterRow('输入参数', facts.parameters, say),
+          { label: '输出参数', value: facts.returnType ? say.translated(facts.returnType) : [hint('未标注')] },
+        ]),
   ]
 }
 
+/**
+ * 按位置取参数的函数（shell）：输入参数写「N 个，按位置」，下面一张表「位置 | 函数里叫」（没起名的写 $N）；
+ * 输出是它打印的那几句（调用处用 $(函数 …) 拿去用时注明）；返回是写了的 return 值，没写 return、也不打印时是最后一句成不成功。
+ */
+function positionalRows(facts: FunctionFacts, positional: PositionalParameter[], say: Phrases): PropertyRow[] {
+  const inputs: PropertyRow = positional.length === 0
+    ? { label: '输入参数', value: [hint('无')] }
+    : {
+        label: '输入参数',
+        value: [hint(`${positional.length} 个，按位置`)],
+        columns: ['位置', '函数里叫'],
+        items: positional.map(param => ({
+          cells: [[hint(`第 ${param.position} 个`)], param.name ? say.name(param.name, 'variable') : [segment(`$${param.position}`, 'variable', undefined)]],
+          ...defining(param.name),
+        })),
+      }
+  const prints = facts.prints ?? []
+  const captured = facts.captured && facts.name ? [hint(`（调用处用 $(${facts.name.text} …) 拿到）`)] : []
+  const output: PropertyRow[] = prints.length > 0 ? [{ label: '输出', value: [...joined(prints.map(say.body), '\n'), ...captured] }] : []
+  const returns = facts.returns ?? []
+  const values = returns.map(say.returned).filter(value => value.length > 0)
+  const result: PropertyRow[] = values.length > 0
+    ? [{ label: '返回', value: joined(values, '、') }]
+    : prints.length === 0 ? [{ label: '返回', value: [hint('最后一句成不成功')] }] : []
+  return [inputs, ...output, ...result]
+}
+
+/** 解释器：叫什么，怎么找到它（按 PATH 找，或写死的路径）。 */
+function interpreterRows(facts: InterpreterFacts): PropertyRow[] {
+  return [
+    { label: '解释器', value: [segment(facts.program, 'function', undefined)] },
+    { label: '怎么找', value: [hint(facts.lookup === 'env' ? `按 PATH 去找（${facts.command}）` : `写死的路径（${facts.command}）`)] },
+  ]
+}
+
+/** 解释器开关：每个开关一行，属性名是开关的意思（没有叫法的写源码里的写法），值是开没开，后面淡色写源码里的写法。 */
+function optionsRows(facts: OptionsFacts, names: Record<string, string>): PropertyRow[] {
+  return facts.switches.map(item => ({
+    label: names[item.id] ?? item.flag,
+    value: [{ text: YES_NO[`${item.on}`], role: 'storage' }, { text: '　', role: 'plain' }, hint(item.flag)],
+  }))
+}
+
 /** 参数表：列名是名称 / 类型 / 默认值，每个参数一行，讲的定义是参数名；没有默认值的格子留空。 */
 function parameterRow(label: string, parameters: ParameterFacts[], say: Phrases): PropertyRow {
   return {
diff --git a/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/codeReader.css b/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/codeReader.css
index 8505234..4184039 100644
--- a/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/codeReader.css
+++ b/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/codeReader.css
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ body {
   --cr-string: #ce9178;
   --cr-number: #b5cea8;
   --cr-comment: #6a9955;
+  --cr-constant: #4fc1ff;
 
   --cr-kind-import: #c586c0;
   --cr-kind-function: #dcdcaa;
@@ -23,6 +24,8 @@ body {
   --cr-kind-return: #89d185;
   --cr-kind-statement: #9d9d9d;
   --cr-kind-comment: #6a9955;
+  --cr-kind-options: #e5c07b;
+  --cr-kind-command: #d7ba7d;
 
   margin: 0;
   font-family: var(--vscode-font-family, system-ui, sans-serif);
@@ -41,6 +44,7 @@ body.vscode-high-contrast-light {
   --cr-string: #a31515;
   --cr-number: #098658;
   --cr-comment: #008000;
+  --cr-constant: #0070c1;
 
   --cr-kind-import: #af00db;
   --cr-kind-function: #795e26;
@@ -54,6 +58,8 @@ body.vscode-high-contrast-light {
   --cr-kind-return: #388a34;
   --cr-kind-statement: #6f6f6f;
   --cr-kind-comment: #008000;
+  --cr-kind-options: #9a6a00;
+  --cr-kind-command: #7c5f12;
 }
 
 /* 种类颜色：同一类语义共用一个颜色，图标区分具体是哪种（kindIcons.tsx）。卡片取自己的种类，子层取所属块的种类 */
@@ -63,12 +69,14 @@ body.vscode-high-contrast-light {
 [data-kind="enum"] { --kind: var(--cr-kind-enum); }
 [data-kind="exception"] { --kind: var(--cr-kind-exception); }
 :is([data-kind="field"], [data-kind="const"], [data-kind="variable"]) { --kind: var(--cr-kind-data); }
-:is([data-kind="if"], [data-kind="else"]) { --kind: var(--cr-kind-branch); }
+:is([data-kind="if"], [data-kind="else"], [data-kind="case"]) { --kind: var(--cr-kind-branch); }
 [data-kind="loop"] { --kind: var(--cr-kind-loop); }
 :is([data-kind="try"], [data-kind="catch"], [data-kind="finally"]) { --kind: var(--cr-kind-error); }
 [data-kind="return"] { --kind: var(--cr-kind-return); }
-[data-kind="statement"] { --kind: var(--cr-kind-statement); }
+:is([data-kind="statement"], [data-kind="interpreter"]) { --kind: var(--cr-kind-statement); }
 [data-kind="comment"] { --kind: var(--cr-kind-comment); }
+[data-kind="options"] { --kind: var(--cr-kind-options); }
+:is([data-kind="command"], [data-kind="pipeline"]) { --kind: var(--cr-kind-command); }
 /* 库规则认领的块：颜色由规则给，暗色、亮色两个写在元素的 style 上（--kind-dark / --kind-light），这里按主题挑 */
 [data-badge] { --kind: var(--kind-dark); }
 body:is(.vscode-light, .vscode-high-contrast-light) [data-badge] { --kind: var(--kind-light); }
@@ -198,6 +206,7 @@ body:is(.vscode-light, .vscode-high-contrast-light) [data-badge] { --kind: var(-
 .cr-role-storage,
 .cr-role-operator { color: var(--cr-storage); }
 .cr-role-variable { color: var(--cr-variable); }
+.cr-role-constant { color: var(--cr-constant); }
 .cr-role-function { color: var(--cr-function); }
 .cr-role-type { color: var(--cr-type); }
 .cr-role-string { color: var(--cr-string); }
diff --git a/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/kindIcons.test.tsx b/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/kindIcons.test.tsx
index 4ba0f8e..df01943 100644
--- a/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/kindIcons.test.tsx
+++ b/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/kindIcons.test.tsx
@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ describe('块的种类图标', () => {
       return: 'corner-down-left',
       statement: 'code',
       comment: 'message-square-text',
+      interpreter: 'terminal',
+      options: 'sliders-horizontal',
+      case: 'signpost',
+      command: 'square-terminal',
+      pipeline: 'square-terminal',
     })
   })
 
diff --git a/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/kindIcons.tsx b/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/kindIcons.tsx
index d154b9f..c80e7e2 100644
--- a/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/kindIcons.tsx
+++ b/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/kindIcons.tsx
@@ -21,9 +21,13 @@ import {
   Shield,
   ShieldAlert,
   ShieldCheck,
+  Signpost,
+  SlidersHorizontal,
   Split,
   SquareFunction,
+  SquareTerminal,
   Tag,
+  Terminal,
   TriangleAlert,
   Variable,
 } from 'lucide-react'
@@ -48,6 +52,10 @@ export const KIND_ICON_COMPONENTS: Record<KindIconName, LucideIcon> = {
   'corner-down-left': CornerDownLeft,
   'code': Code,
   'message-square-text': MessageSquareText,
+  'terminal': Terminal,
+  'sliders-horizontal': SlidersHorizontal,
+  'signpost': Signpost,
+  'square-terminal': SquareTerminal,
   'database': Database,
   'package': Package,
   'server-cog': ServerCog,
@@ -79,6 +87,11 @@ export const KIND_ICONS: Record<BlockKind, KindIconName> = {
   return: 'corner-down-left',
   statement: 'code',
   comment: 'message-square-text',
+  interpreter: 'terminal',
+  options: 'sliders-horizontal',
+  case: 'signpost',
+  command: 'square-terminal',
+  pipeline: 'square-terminal',
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/types.ts b/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/types.ts
index a6ec6da..cd3e654 100644
--- a/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/types.ts
+++ b/vscode/webview-ui/src/codeReader/types.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 export type BlockKind
   = | 'import' | 'function' | 'class' | 'enum' | 'exception' | 'type' | 'field' | 'const' | 'variable'
     | 'if' | 'else' | 'loop' | 'try' | 'catch' | 'finally' | 'return' | 'statement' | 'comment'
+    | 'interpreter' | 'options' | 'case' | 'command' | 'pipeline'
 
 /** 着色用的词性，源码着色和译文着色共用。 */
 export type TokenRole
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ export type TokenRole
     | 'storage' // 声明关键字与字面量关键字：const function async class interface new true false null …
     | 'operator' // 被翻成文字的运算符：全等 并且 或者 非
     | 'hint' // 属性表里的说明词：未标注 无 N 个 默认导出 …
+    | 'constant' // 按习惯全大写、当常量用的名字
     | 'variable' | 'function' | 'type' | 'string' | 'number' | 'literal' | 'comment' | 'plain'
 
 /**
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ export interface ThemeColor { dark: string, light: string }
 export type KindIconName
   = | 'import' | 'square-function' | 'box' | 'braces' | 'list-ordered' | 'triangle-alert' | 'tag' | 'lock' | 'variable'
     | 'split' | 'corner-down-right' | 'repeat' | 'shield' | 'shield-alert' | 'shield-check' | 'corner-down-left' | 'code'
-    | 'message-square-text' | 'database' | 'package' | 'server-cog' | 'calendar-clock' | 'globe' | 'network'
+    | 'message-square-text' | 'terminal' | 'sliders-horizontal' | 'signpost' | 'square-terminal' | 'database' | 'package' | 'server-cog' | 'calendar-clock' | 'globe' | 'network'
 
 /** 库规则的种类：名字（悬停提示、读屏念的文字）、颜色和图标（从 KindIconName 里挑）；块左边只画图标 */
 export interface KindBadge { label: string, color: ThemeColor, icon: KindIconName }